A record
An A record gives you the IP address (IPv4 32-bit address) of a domain. Every domain needs to point to the IP address of the web server that hosts the domain. If the IP address is not the correct IP address of the web server then the site will not work as the requests never reach the server. A record is probably the most common DNS record type.
AAAA record
An A record gives you the IP address (IPv6 128-bit address) of a domain. Every domain needs to point to the IP address of the web server that hosts the domain. If the IP address is not the correct IP address of the web server then the site will not work as the requests never reach the server. Not as common as the A record but will become more common in the future.
CNAME record
If a domain has a CNAME (AKA Canonical name) record then, it cannot have any other record types. For example you can use a CNAME record to point a subdomain (example.mysite.com to example.yoursite.com).
HINFO record
HINFO stands for Host Information Record. Strictly informational and not functional type of record, it is used to declare the computer type and operating system of a host (server).
MX record
MX record stands for Mail exchange record and it used for specifying how e-mail should be routed for a domain. MX records point to the mail servers to send an e-mail to by priority. The lower the MX record value the higher the priority a specific server will have for the delivery of email.
NAPTR record
NAPTR is a newer type of DNS record that stands for Naming Authority Pointer and supports regular expression based rewriting.
NS record
NS record stands for name server record. NS records list the authoritative DNS servers of a domain.
PTR record
PTR record or pointer record maps an IPv4 IP address to the canonical name of a host.
SOA record
The SOA record has core information about your zone. It defines which server is your primary nameserver, your contact information (E-mail), how your secondary nameservers get updated, and the default (minimum) Time-To-Live values for your records.
SRV record
SRV record stands for Service record. It is a record used for specifying information on available services like Service, Protocol, Domain name, TTL, Class, Priority, Weight, Port and Target.
TSIG record
Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS. Click here to read more on rfc2845.
TXT record
A TXT record stands for text record. It is used for inserting arbitrary text and is commonly used for implementing the Sender Policy Framework specification.
References and additional information on DNS
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